In "Papers and presentations of XXI congress of Pavlovian Physiological Society", 2010, p. 428, Moscow - Kaluga, Russia.

Perinatal asphyxia in etiology and pathogenesis of preschool age speech disturbances.

Nabieva T.N.

Brain Research Department, Scientific Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences

        For the purpose of investigation the etiology and pathogenesis of speech disturbances we examined 45 full termed 5 years old children endured birth trauma - perinatal asphyxia. Control group was represented by 45 full termed children of same age, who were born without perinatal complications. Speech examination revealed cases of speech underdevelopment (n=21), speech delay (n=9), and dyslalia (n=34) in experimental group. 30 from 34 participants with dyslalia had more than 5 sounds absent or distorted. Besides, 32 children from experimental group demonstrated relative weakness, dyscoordination and insufficient movements' volume of articulatory muscles. In control group we discovered less cases of speech underdevelopment (n=3), speech delay (n=4), and dyslalia (n=17). There were only 4 cases of complicated dyslalia in control group. Only 6 control subjects demonstrated weakness, dyscoordination and insufficient movements' volume of articulatory muscles. Comparative analysis revealed, that speech underdevelopment, speech delay and even dyslalia observed significantly often among children endured perinatal asphyxia, than in participants without birth trauma in anamnesis. It is well known that perinatal asphyxia results in haemorrhages, ischemias and hemorrhagic infarcts in regions supplying by medial cerebral artery. Localization of these pathological phenomena in regions, participating in lexico-semantic processing - Broca, Verniche and auditory cortex can lead to linguistic pathology: alalia, speech underdevelopment or speech delay. Bilateral lesions in frontal lobes, thalamus, basal ganglia and insula can lead to tone disturbances and dyscoordination of articulatory muscles and might be probably cause of dyslalia.

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